New component AIN4-20mA current measurement sensor

[erikveg]

What does this implement/fix?

Implements new component for AIN4-20mA current measurement sensor (i2c)

Types of changes

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3807

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml
i2c:
  - id: i2c_ain4_20ma
    scl: 5
    sda: 4

sensor:
  - platform: ain4_20ma
    name: "Current"
    update_interval: 60s

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @erikveg,
Thanks for submitting this pull request! Can you add yourself as a codeowner for this integration? This way we can notify you if a bug report for this integration is reported.
In __init__.py of the integration, please add:

CODEOWNERS = ["@erikveg"]

And run script/build_codeowners.py

_{^{(message by NeedsCodeownersLabel)}}

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 54.21%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (0ffc6d1).
Report is 603 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6665      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.70%   54.21%   +0.50%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9594     +186     
  Branches     1654     1691      +37     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5201     +148     
- Misses       4056     4069      +13     
- Partials      299      324      +25     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.