Add MPL115A2 Barometric Pressure/Temperature Sensor

[unic8s]

What does this implement/fix?

Add support for the MPL115A2 pressure/temperature I²C sensor. This is the tinier version of the already exisiting implementation of the sensor MPL3115A2 but without the altitude metric. The code is partly ported from https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_MPL115A2

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3770

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

sensor:
- platform: mpl115a2
  temperature:
    name: "Temperature"
  pressure:
    name: "Pressure"
  update_interval: 10s

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @unic8s,
Thanks for submitting this pull request! Can you add yourself as a codeowner for this integration? This way we can notify you if a bug report for this integration is reported.
In __init__.py of the integration, please add:

CODEOWNERS = ["@unic8s"]

And run script/build_codeowners.py

_{^{(message by NeedsCodeownersLabel)}}

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 54.15%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (75233bb).
Report is 516 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6584      +/-   ##
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+ Coverage   53.70%   54.15%   +0.44%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9575     +167     
  Branches     1654     1687      +33     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5185     +132     
- Misses       4056     4066      +10     
- Partials      299      324      +25     

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[jesserockz]

Please move this to its own file in tests/components/mpl115a2/

[unic8s]

@jesserockz I did so - should I remove it from the test1.yaml as well?

[esphome]

Please take a look at the requested changes, and use the Ready for review button when you are done, thanks 👍

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