This is Perlito5, a compiler that implements the Perl 5 programming language.
Perlito5 translates Perl to Java, and Perl to JavaScript.
make
- builds perlito5.js (which runs in node.js)
- builds perlito5.jar (which runs in java)
- builds html/perlito5.js (which runs in the browser)
make test
- tests perlito5.js using node.js
make build-5browser
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builds html/perlito5.js (which runs in the browser)
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See Makefile for all
makeoptions
- please see: README-perlito5-Java
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this command will compile "perlito5.js" without using
makeperl perlito5.pl --bootstrapping -I./src5/lib -Cjs src5/util/perlito5.pl > perlito5.js -
this will run a single test script
node perlito5.js -Isrc5/lib t5/01-perlito/010-sanity.t -
this will run all tests without using
makeprove -r -e 'node perlito5.js -I./src5/lib' t5
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using perl and perlito5.pl:
perl perlito5.pl -I./src5/lib -Cjs src5/util/perlito5.pl > perlito5.js -
using node.js and perlito5.js:
node perlito5.js --bootstrapping -Isrc5/lib -Cjs src5/util/perlito5.pl > perlito5-new.js
perl perlito5.pl -I./src5/lib -Cperl5 src5/util/perlito5.pl > perlito5-new.pl
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this will run all tests without using
makeprove -r -e 'perl perlito5.pl -I./src5/lib ' t5
make boot-5to5
make boot-5js
The "jsmin" compressor gives 20% compression:
http://crockford.com/javascript/jsmin
$ sudo port install jsmin # osx
$ jsmin < perlito5.js > mini-perlito5.js
$ nice prove -r -e 'node mini-perlito5.js -I./src5/lib' t5
...
All tests successful.
Some things in this TODO list are already implemented, but missing tests of documentation.
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in CPAN, convert all the github documentation to POD using one of these:
$ perl -e ' use Markdown::To::POD "markdown_to_pod"; my @text = <>; my $pod = markdown_to_pod(join "", @text); print $pod; ' README $ perl -e ' use Markdown::Pod;my $m2p = Markdown::Pod->new; my @text = <>; my $pod = $m2p->markdown_to_pod(markdown => join "", @text); print $pod; ' README
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add tests
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implement -i switch and ARGVOUT
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shebang processing:
#!/usr/bin/perl -pi.orig s/foo/bar/;
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these go into namespace
Perlito5X::* -
add tests for core modules
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lookup ".pmc" source files before ".pm"
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Regexes
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/x modifier is seen too late, after variable interpolation is processed:
$ perl perlito5.pl -I src5/lib -Cast -e ' use strict; /abc # $v/x ' Global symbol "$v" requires explicit package name
$ java -jar perlito5.jar -Isrc5/lib -e ' use strict; my $v; my $x; $x = qr/abc # $v/x; print $x; ' (?x-ism:abc # )
expected:
perl -e ' use strict; my $v; my $x; $x = qr/abc # $v/x; print $x; ' (?^x:abc # $v )
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BEGIN blocks
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Loops containing: BEGIN/INIT/END blocks, "use" statements, or named subroutines
lexical variables inside loops don't behave properly if they are captured at compile-time
See BEGIN_SCRATCHPAD in src5/
t5/unit/begin_global_special_var.t .......... Failed 1/2 subtests t5/unit/begin_loop.t ........................ Failed 2/3 subtests t5/unit/begin_recurse.t ..................... Failed 5/6 subtests
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dump-to-AST work in progress - src5/lib/Perlito5/DumpToAST.pm
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tied variables not yet supported
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overloaded values may cause problems
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shared captures (shared lexicals) are not shared
$ perl perlito5.pl -Isrc5/lib -I. -It -Cperl5 -e ' use strict; BEGIN { my $y = 123; my $z = 456;for my $x (1..3) { no strict "refs"; *{"x$x"} = sub { print "here\n"; eval q{ print "y $y\n" }; $y; return $x } } } x1(); ' -
blessed regex/code/glob is not supported (also in Data::Dumper)
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subroutine predeclaration needs tests
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circular references are not tested
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test if dump-to-AST interferes with Java extensions
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eval-string code in src5/lib/Perlito5/Perl5/Emitter.pm should be moved to src5/lib/Perlito5/AST/CompileTime.pm
if ($code eq 'eval' && $Perlito5::PHASE eq 'BEGIN') {
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parse example in http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=663393
$ perl perlito5.pl -I src5/lib -Cperl5 -e ' whatever / 25 ; # / ; die "this dies!"; ' whatever(m! 25 ; # !); die('this dies!') $ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' whatever / 25 ; # / ; die "this dies!"; ' 'whatever' / 25; $ perl -e ' print whatever / 25 ; # / ; die "this dies!"; ' this dies! at -e line 1.
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unicode characters in identifiers
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'meaning::$'m # $::m $m' # String found where operator expected package X'Y # X::Y package X' # Invalid version format (non-numeric data)
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attributes
http://perldoc.perl.org/attributes.html
missing MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES handlers
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prototypes (signatures)
http://perldoc.perl.org/perlsub.html#Prototypes
code that depends on prototypes being (re)defined later - this breaks when the program is precompiled, because prototypes become stubs
# t/test.pm sub like ($$@) { like_yn (0,@_) }; # 0 for - # this breaks if like_yn() is predeclared sub unlike ($$@) { like_yn (1,@_) }; # 1 for un- sub like_yn ($$$@) {
check that undeclared barewords give the right error
*foo = sub () { ... } # does prototype work here?check signature in sort() fix the prototype for
stat(*)(see t/test.pl in the perl test suite)&@- See Try::Tiny -
"namespace" parsing
tests: t5/01-perlito/26-syntax-namespace.t
$ perl -e ' { package X; sub print { CORE::print(">$_[1]<\n") } } my $x = bless {}, "X"; print $x "xxx" ' Not a GLOB reference at -e line 1. $ perl -e ' { package X; sub printx { CORE::print(">$_[1]<\n") } } my $x = bless {}, "X"; printx $x "xxx" ' >xxx< $ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' print X:: "xxx" ' print X 'xxx'; $ perl -e ' use strict; my $x = X::; print $x ' X $ perl -e ' use strict; my $x = X; print $x ' Bareword "X" not allowed while "strict subs" in use $ perl perlito5.pl -MO=Deparse -e ' ::X::x::y ' join("", ::{'main::X::'} x main::y); $ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' ::X ' '???'; $ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' sub X {} ::X ' sub X { } X; $ perl -e ' $::X::::X = 3; print $main::X::::X ' # 3 $ perl -e ' $::X::::X = 3; print $main::main::X::::X ' # 3 $ perl -e ' $::X::::X = 3; print $main::X::main::X ' # empty $ perl -e ' $::X::::X = 3; print $main::X::X ' # empty $ perl -e ' $::X::::X = 3; print $::::X::::X ' # empty
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CORE:: namespace can be used with operators:
$ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' $x CORE::and $v ' $v if $x; $ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' @v = CORE::qw/ a b c / ' @v = ('a', 'b', 'c'); $ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' $x CORE::+ $v ' CORE:: is not a keyword
possible implementation:
diff --git a/src5/lib/Perlito5/Grammar/Precedence.pm b/src5/lib/Perlito5/Grammar/Precedence.pm index f29a8de3..ecde73ff 100644 --- a/src5/lib/Perlito5/Grammar/Precedence.pm +++ b/src5/lib/Perlito5/Grammar/Precedence.pm @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ sub add_term { my $End_token; my $End_token_chars; my %Op; -my @Op_chars = (4, 3, 2, 1); +my @Op_chars = (9, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1); # CORE::and CORE::or sub op_parse { my $str = shift; my $pos = shift; @@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ add_op( 'list', [ ',' ], $prec, { assoc => 'list' } ); $prec = $prec - 1; add_op( 'prefix', [ 'not' ], $prec ); $prec = $prec - 1; -add_op( 'infix', [ 'and' ], $prec ); +add_op( 'infix', [ 'and', 'CORE::and' ], $prec ); $prec = $prec - 1; -add_op( 'infix', [ 'or', 'xor' ], $prec ); +add_op( 'infix', [ 'or', 'xor', 'CORE::or', 'CORE::xor' ], $prec ); $prec = $prec - 1; add_op( 'infix', [ '*start*' ], $prec ); -
strict and warnings: create options like 'subs', 'refs'
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things that work in perlito5, but which are errors in 'perl'
string interpolation with nested quotes of the same type:
$ perl -e ' " $x{"x"} " ' String found where operator expected at -e line 1, near "x"} "" In perl5.22.0: Missing right curly or square bracket at -e line 1, within string
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error messages depend on eval context
$ perl -e ' use strict; eval { YY GG }; print $@; sub YY {} ' Can't locate object method "YY" via package "GG" (perhaps you forgot to load "GG"?) at -e line 1. $ perl -e ' use strict; eval " YY GG "; print $@; sub YY {} ' Bareword "GG" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at (eval 1) line 1. $ perl -e ' use strict; eval " eval { YY GG } "; print $@; sub YY {} ' Bareword "GG" not allowed while "strict subs" in use at (eval 1) line 1.
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each statement can have a single label for 'last', 'goto'. Multiple labels are not supported.
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unit tests:
local() vs. next/redo/last
our()
aliasing inside for-loop
aliasing of subroutine parameters
prototypes
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compiler hints with $^H
$ perl -e ' $^H = 1; { $^H = 3; use strict; print "HERE $^H\n"; eval q{ print "EVAL $^H\n"; }; BEGIN { print "BEGIN1 $^H\n"; } }; print $^H, "\n"; { use strict; print "HERE2 $^H\n"; eval q{ print "EVAL2 $^H\n"; BEGIN { eval q{ print "BEGIN-EVAL $^H\n" } } }; } ' BEGIN1 2018 HERE 3 EVAL 3 3 HERE2 3 BEGIN-EVAL 2018 EVAL2 3 -
postfix-dereferencing with
@*http://www.effectiveperlprogramming.com/2014/09/use-postfix-dereferencing/
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things that work in perlito5, but which are errors in 'perl'
$ perl -e ' $c (f) ' syntax error at -e line 1, near "$c ("
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sigils in blocks
Allowed:
$ perl -e ' ${ for (1,2,3) {} } ' $ perl -e ' @{ for (1,2,3) {} } ' $ perl -e ' %{ for (1,2,3) {} } ' $ perl -e ' *{ for (1,2,3) {} } ' $ perl -e ' $#{ for (1,2,3) {} } ' $ perl -e ' $; = 3; print ${ ; } ' 3 $ perl -e ' $} = 3; print ${ } } ' 3
Not allowed:
$ perl -e ' \{ for (1,2,3) {} } ' syntax error at -e line 1, near "{ for " Execution of -e aborted due to compilation errors. $ perl -e ' $a{ for (1,2,3) {} } ' syntax error at -e line 1, near "{ for " $ perl -e ' print ${ } ' syntax error at -e line 1, near "${ " Execution of -e aborted due to compilation errors.
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syntax error in hashref subscript - parses 's' as s///:
${x->{s}} $x->{s} -
wrong precedence in keys()
if (keys %hh != 2) { print "not" }parses as:keys(%hh != 2) -
quotes vs. hash lookups:
$ perl -e ' q}} ' # ok $ perl -e ' $x{ q}} } ' Unmatched right curly bracket at -e line 1, at end of line $ perl -e ' $x{ q]] } ' # ok -
syntax error in ${@} in string
"${@}"; ${"};syntax error in autoquote: $x{s} parses as: $x { s/// }
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prototypes can change during compilation
$ perl -e ' my @x; sub z0 ($$@) { zz(99, @_) } sub zz ($$$@) { print "@_\n" } @x=(9,4,6); zz(8,5,@x); z0(8,5,@x); ' 8 5 3 # zz prototype is '$$$@' 99 8 5 9 4 6 # zz prototype was '@' when z0 was compiled -
resolve "filehandle" methods
$ perl -e ' package X; open(X, ">", "x"); X->print(1234) ' $ cat x 1234 $ nodejs perlito5.js -Isrc5/lib -Cjs -e ' package X; open(X, ">", "x"); X->print(1234) ' -
variable declarations in expressions
our $Verbose ||= 0; our (%Cache); my $args = @_ or @_ = @$exports; -
add additional variants of "for"
# "our" with localization $ perl -e ' use strict; our $x = 123; for our $x (1,2,3) { 2 } print "$x\n" ' 123 # variable in scope with localization $ perl -e ' use strict; my $x = 123; for $x (1,2,3) { 2 } print "$x\n" '123 123 -
add "print", "printf", "say" special parsing - note this is related to indirect object notation
indirect object notation
http://lwn.net/Articles/451486/
http://www.modernperlbooks.com/mt/2009/08/the-problems-with-indirect-object-notation.html
http://shadow.cat/blog/matt-s-trout/indirect-but-still-fatal/
http://perlbuzz.com/mechanix/2008/02/the-perils-of-perl-5s-indirect.html
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not indirect object:
$ perl -e ' package x { sub new { print "A @_\n" }}; $v = new x(123); use Data::Dumper; print Dumper $v ' -
indirect object:
$ perl -e ' package xz { sub new { print "A @_\n" }}; $v = new xz(123); use Data::Dumper; print Dumper $v ' -
not indirect object:
$ perl -e ' sub x { print "A @_\n" } $v = new x(123); use Data::Dumper; print Dumper $v ' -
indirect object:
$ perl perlito5.pl -I src5/lib -Cperl5 -e ' YO { x();z } ' Missing right curly or square bracket near 20 at -e line 2 $ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' YO { x();z } ' do { x(); 'z' }->YO;
method Module $param; new Class( arg => $value ); new Class::($args); say $config->{output} "This is a diagnostic message!"; # indirect call say {$config->{output}} "This is a diagnostic message!"; # say to filehandle use Class; sub Class { warn 'Called Class sub not Class package'; 'Class' } my $q = Class->new; # calls the Class sub above my $s = new Class; # throws a 'Bareword found where operator expected' error my $t = Class::->new # this works my $u = new Class::; # this also works (even with sub main in the current package)sbertrang++ noted this is also valid:
print( STDERR "123" ) -
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add tests for signatures: "empty" _ $ ;$
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add test for
sub _" should be in package "main"$ perl -MO=Deparse -e ' package X; sub _ { 123 } ' package X; sub main::_ { 123; } -
add test for defined-or vs.
m//(2012/9/25 Конрад Боровски notifications@github.com)Note: fixed; see test t5/01-perlito/25-syntax-defined-or.t
$ perl perlito5.pl -Isrc5/lib -Cast-perl5 -e ' shift // 2 ' Number or Bareword found where operator expected $ perl perlito5.pl -Isrc5/lib -Cast-perl5 -e ' shift / 2 ' Can't find string terminator '/' anywhere before EOF -
add test for filetest operators special case:
' -f($file).".bak" ' should be equivalent to -f "$file.bak" parses as -(f($file)).".bak" but: ' -f ($file).".bak" ' parses correctlyThis seems to be because there is a rule that \w followed by '(' is a function call;
this needs more testing: ' ... and(2) ' Test: redefine 'and', 'not' and check what works. TODO - "-f" without arguments' $s111++ + $s222 ' parses as (+$s222)++
' $step++ < $steps ' Can't find string terminator '>' anywhere before EOF
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from moritz, Schwern and others at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/161872/hidden-features-of-perl
you can use letters as delimiters
$ perl -Mstrict -wle 'print q bJet another perl hacker.b' Jet another perl hacker.Likewise you can write regular expressions:
m xabcx # same as m/abc/ -
$ perl -e ' my @things= map { no warnings; 123 } @list; '"no" not allowed in expression (DONE) no longer a bug, this now works in perl5.22.0
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test that "use" checks the return value of modules (the "1;" thing)
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'our' variable is not seen:
$ perl perlito5.pl -Isrc5/lib -I. -It -Cjava -e ' use Data::Dumper; @x = (2..4, ";)"); print Dumper \@x ' > Main.java ; javac Main.java ; java Main $VAR1 = [ 2, 3, 4, chr(59) . chr(41), ]; Subroutine "Perlito5::Dumper::escape_string" is not using the hash "%safe_char".
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captured lexical is not initialized:
$ cat > X.pm my %safe = (a=>1); sub dump { $safe{a} } 1; $ perl perlito5.pl -I. -Isrc5/lib -Cperl5 -e ' use X; ' *main::dump = do { package main; my $safe = undef; # TODO - initialize captured lexical sub { $safe{'a'} } };
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test BEGIN time serialization
$ perl perlito5.pl -I src5/lib -Cperl5 -e ' my ($x, $y); { $x }; my $z; @aaa = @X::xxx + $bbb; BEGIN { $aaa = [ 1 .. 5 ]; $bbb = { 5, $aaa }; $ccc = sub { my %x; 123 } } $/; my $s; BEGIN { $s = 3 } BEGIN { *ccc2 = \$ccc; } ' -
fix regex delimiters, or escape the regexes
$ perl perlito5.pl -Isrc5/lib -I. -It -Cperl5 -e ' s/\$a$a/b$b/g; tr/\$c$c/d$d/; m/\$e$e/; ' -
compile-time eval() is not bound to the "program" environment, but to the "compiler" environment instead
see README-perlito5-js near "Compile-time / Run-time interleaving"
my $v; BEGIN { $v = "123" } use Module $v; # $v is not accessible at compile-timeTest case:
$ cat > X.pm package X; sub import { print "args [ @_ ]\n" } 1;$ perl perlito5.pl -I src5/lib -I . -Cperl5 -e ' my $v; BEGIN { $v = "xxx" } use X $v; ' # args [ X ]expected result:
# args [ X xxx ] -
test lvalue substr()
$ perl -e ' use Data::Dumper; sub x { $_[0] = "x"; print Dumper(\@_) } $v = "abcdef"; x( substr($v,1,3), substr($v,1,4) ); ' $VAR1 = [ 'x', 'xef' ];$ perl -e ' use Data::Dumper; sub x { $_[0] = "123456"; print Dumper(\@_) } $v = "abcdef"; x( $v, substr($v,1,3), substr($v,1,4) ); ' $VAR1 = [ '123456', '234', '2345' ]; -
test lvalue ternary
?:$ java -jar perlito5.jar -I src5/lib -I . -e ' my ($a,$b,$x,$y,$result) = 1..5; $a > $b ? $x : $y = $result; print "[$x] [$y]\n"; ' [3] [5] $ java -jar perlito5.jar -I src5/lib -I . -e ' my ($a,$b,$x,$y,$result) = 1..5; $a = 4; $a > $b ? $x : $y = $result; print "[$x] [$y]\n"; ' [5] [4]
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add tests for CORE::GLOBAL namespace
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__DATA__and__END__can be anywhere in the line$ perl -e 'print 123 __END__ x xx + ' 123 $ perl -e 'print 123 + __END__ x xx + ' syntax error at -e line 1, at EOF
however:
$ perl -e ' @ __END__ = (123); print @ __END__ ;' 123
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Running the tests using perl6:
# TODO - this is not implemented yet . util-perl6/setup-perlito5-perl6.sh find t5/01-perlito/*.t | perl -ne ' print "*** $_"; chomp; print ` perl perlito5.pl -I./src5/lib -Cperl6 $_ > tmp.p6 && perl6 tmp.p6 ` ' -
keep comments
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context: wantarray, return-comma
sub x { return 7, 8 } vs. sub x { return (7, 8) }use an "out-of-band" parameter to set the call context, like:
$v = x( :scalar ) # 8 $v = x( :list ) # 2 -
<> is lines()
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0..$#num to @num.keys
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choose
@*ARGSor@_inshift()andpop() -
typeglob assignment
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"given" statement not implemented
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refactoring sub arguments
my
$x = $ [0]; my ($x, $y, @rest) = @; # check if @_ is unused elsewhere in the sub -
placeholder
my ($a, $, $c) = 1..3; ($a, *, $c) = 1..3; -
__PACKAGE__ -
specialized refactoring for packages that introduce syntax
Try::Tiny
List::MoreUtils
Moose
-
no strict
-
bless
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tests
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"given" statement not implemented
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"default" statement not implemented
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${^NAME}needs curly-escaping -
${^GLOBAL_PHASE}is not writeable workaround in set_global_phase()
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TODO - identify aliases: [[[
BEGIN { $ccc = 3; *ccc2 = \$ccc; }]]] dumps:$main::ccc2 = $main::ccc;instead of:
*main::ccc2 = \$main::ccc;Note: $ccc is not emitted if the value is "undef".
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TODO - lexicals are not shared
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keep comments in AST
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debugging symbols
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line numbers in error messages
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caller()
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"when"
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run more of the "perl" test suite
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proper "use strict" and "use warnings"
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use the same error messages and warnings as 'perl'
$ perl -e ' my @x = $x %x ' Operator or semicolon missing before %x at -e line 1. Ambiguous use of % resolved as operator % at -e line 1. Illegal modulus zero at -e line 1. -
no warnings 'redefine';
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source code - remove Perl 6 code such as "token" (fixed: This is only loaded if the grammar compiler is needed)
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*{ $name }{CODE}->();(DONE in java) -
local(*{$caller."::a"}) = \my $a; -
*{$pkg . "::foo"} = \&bar; -
local $SIG{__WARN__}; -
bug #10
"Perlito 5 JS has syntax errors"
Tried
- YUI Compressor online
- Google Closure Compiler http://closure-compiler.appspot.com/home
Both failed with syntax errors.
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parse the regexes
Note: implemented in Perlito5::Grammar::Regex5 create an AST for regexes
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from moritz, Schwern and others at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/161872/hidden-features-of-perl
- you can give subs numeric names if you use symbolic references
$ perl -lwe '*4 = sub { print "yes" }; 4->()' yes$ perl -e ' sub x { print 123 } x->() ' Undefined subroutine &main::1 called at -e line 1. 123 -
return value of continue-block
$ perl -e ' sub x { { 456 } continue { 789 } } print "@{[ x() ]}\n" ' 456 789
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special backend option
_compdumps the compile-time execution environment:$ perl perlito5.pl -Isrc5/lib -I. -It -C_comp -e ' (0, undef, undef, @_)[1, 2] ; { 123 } sub x { 456; { 3 } }'