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title keywords description
Admin API
Apache APISIX
API Gateway
Admin API
Route
Plugin
Upstream
This article introduces the functions supported by the Apache APISIX Admin API, which you can use to get, create, update, and delete resources.

Description

The Admin API lets users control their deployed Apache APISIX instance. The architecture design gives an idea about how everything fits together.

Configuration

When APISIX is started, the Admin API will listen on port 9180 by default and take the API prefixed with /apisix/admin.

Therefore, to avoid conflicts between your designed API and /apisix/admin, you can modify the configuration file /conf/config.yaml to modify the default listening port.

APISIX supports setting the IP access allowlist of Admin API to prevent APISIX from being illegally accessed and attacked. You can configure the IP addresses to allow access in the deployment.admin.allow_admin option in the ./conf/config.yaml file.

The X-API-KEY shown below refers to the deployment.admin.admin_key.key in the ./conf/config.yaml file, which is the access token for the Admin API.

:::tip

For security reasons, please modify the default admin_key, and check the allow_admin IP access list.

:::

deployment:
    admin:
        admin_key:
        - name: admin
            key: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1  # using fixed API token has security risk, please update it when you deploy to production environment
            role: admin
        allow_admin:                    # http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_access_module.html#allow
            - 127.0.0.0/24
        admin_listen:
            ip: 0.0.0.0                 # Specific IP, if not set, the default value is `0.0.0.0`.
            port: 9180                  # Specific port, which must be different from node_listen's port.

Using environment variables

To configure via environment variables, you can use the ${{VAR}} syntax. For instance:

deployment:
  admin:
    admin_key:
    - name: admin
      key: ${{ADMIN_KEY}}
      role: admin
    allow_admin:
    - 127.0.0.0/24
    admin_listen:
      ip: 0.0.0.0
      port: 9180

And then run export ADMIN_KEY=$your_admin_key before running make init.

If the configured environment variable can't be found, an error will be thrown.

If you want to use a default value when the environment variable is not set, use ${{VAR:=default_value}} instead. For instance:

deployment:
  admin:
    admin_key:
    - name: admin
      key: ${{ADMIN_KEY:=edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1}}
      role: admin
    allow_admin:
    - 127.0.0.0/24
    admin_listen:
      ip: 0.0.0.0
      port: 9180

This will find the environment variable ADMIN_KEY first, and if it does not exist, it will use edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1 as the default value.

You can also specify environment variables in yaml keys. This is specifically useful in the standalone mode where you can specify the upstream nodes as follows:

routes:
  -
    uri: "/test"
    upstream:
      nodes:
        "${{HOST_IP}}:${{PORT}}": 1
      type: roundrobin
#END

Force Delete

By default, the Admin API checks for references between resources and will refuse to delete resources in use.

You can make a force deletion by adding the request argument force=true to the delete request, for example:

:::note You can fetch the admin_key from config.yaml and save to an environment variable with the following command:

admin_key=$(yq '.deployment.admin.admin_key[0].key' conf/config.yaml | sed 's/"//g')

:::

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/1 -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -d '{
    "nodes": {
        "127.0.0.1:8080": 1
    },
    "type": "roundrobin"
}'
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -d '{
    "uri": "/*",
    "upstream_id": 1
}'
{"value":{"priority":0,"upstream_id":1,"uri":"/*","create_time":1689038794,"id":"1","status":1,"update_time":1689038916},"key":"/apisix/routes/1"}

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/1 -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X DELETE
{"error_msg":"can not delete this upstream, route [1] is still using it now"}
$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/1?force=anyvalue" -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X DELETE
{"error_msg":"can not delete this upstream, route [1] is still using it now"}
$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/1?force=true" -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X DELETE
{"deleted":"1","key":"/apisix/upstreams/1"}

V3 new feature

The Admin API has made some breaking changes in V3 version, as well as supporting additional features.

Support new response body format

  1. Remove action field in response body;
  2. Adjust the response body structure when fetching the list of resources, the new response body structure like:

Return single resource:

{
  "modifiedIndex": 2685183,
  "value": {
    "id": "1",
    ...
  },
  "key": "/apisix/routes/1",
  "createdIndex": 2684956
}

Return multiple resources:

{
  "list": [
    {
      "modifiedIndex": 2685183,
      "value": {
        "id": "1",
        ...
      },
      "key": "/apisix/routes/1",
      "createdIndex": 2684956
    },
    {
      "modifiedIndex": 2685163,
      "value": {
        "id": "2",
        ...
      },
      "key": "/apisix/routes/2",
      "createdIndex": 2685163
    }
  ],
  "total": 2
}

Support paging query

Paging query is supported when getting the resource list, paging parameters include:

parameter Default Valid range Description
page 1 [1, ...] Number of pages.
page_size [10, 500] Number of resources per page.

The example is as follows:

curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes?page=1&page_size=10" \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X GET
{
  "total": 1,
  "list": [
    {
      ...
    }
  ]
}

Resources that support paging queries:

  • Consumer
  • Consumer Group
  • Global Rules
  • Plugin Config
  • Proto
  • Route
  • Service
  • SSL
  • Stream Route
  • Upstream
  • Secret

Support filtering query

When getting a list of resources, it supports filtering resources based on name, label, uri.

parameter parameter
name Query resource by their name, which will not appear in the query results if the resource itself does not have name.
label Query resource by their label, which will not appear in the query results if the resource itself does not have label.
uri Supported on Route resources only. If the uri of a Route is equal to the uri of the query or if the uris contains the uri of the query, the Route resource appears in the query results.

:::tip

When multiple filter parameters are enabled, use the intersection of the query results for different filter parameters.

:::

The following example will return a list of routes, and all routes in the list satisfy: the name of the route contains the string "test", the uri contains the string "foo", and there is no restriction on the label of the route, since the label of the query is the empty string.

curl 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes?name=test&uri=foo&label=' \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X GET
{
  "total": 1,
  "list": [
    {
      ...
    }
  ]
}

Route

Routes match the client's request based on defined rules, loads and executes the corresponding plugins, and forwards the request to the specified Upstream.

Route API

Route resource request address: /apisix/admin/routes/{id}?ttl=0

Quick Note on ID Syntax

ID's as a text string must be of a length between 1 and 64 characters and they should only contain uppercase, lowercase, numbers and no special characters apart from dashes ( - ), periods ( . ) and underscores ( _ ). For integer values they simply must have a minimum character count of 1.

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/routes NULL Fetches a list of all configured Routes.
GET /apisix/admin/routes/{id} NULL Fetches specified Route by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/routes/{id} {...} Creates a Route with the specified id.
POST /apisix/admin/routes {...} Creates a Route and assigns a random id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/routes/{id} NULL Removes the Route with the specified id.
PATCH /apisix/admin/routes/{id} {...} Updates the selected attributes of the specified, existing Route. To delete an attribute, set value of attribute set to null.
PATCH /apisix/admin/routes/{id}/{path} {...} Updates the attribute specified in the path. The values of other attributes remain unchanged.

URI Request Parameters

parameter Required Type Description Example
ttl False Auxiliary Request expires after the specified target seconds. ttl=1

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Type Description Example
name False Auxiliary Identifier for the Route. route-xxxx
desc False Auxiliary Description of usage scenarios. route xxxx
uri True, can't be used with uris Match Rules Matches the uri. For more advanced matching see Router. "/hello"
uris True, can't be used with uri Match Rules Matches with any one of the multiple uris specified in the form of a non-empty list. ["/hello", "/word"]
host False, can't be used with hosts Match Rules Matches with domain names such as foo.com or PAN domain names like *.foo.com. "foo.com"
hosts False, can't be used with host Match Rules Matches with any one of the multiple hosts specified in the form of a non-empty list. ["foo.com", "*.bar.com"]
remote_addr False, can't be used with remote_addrs Match Rules Matches with the specified IP address in standard IPv4 format (192.168.1.101), CIDR format (192.168.1.0/24), or in IPv6 format (::1, fe80::1, fe80::1/64). "192.168.1.0/24"
remote_addrs False, can't be used with remote_addr Match Rules Matches with any one of the multiple remote_addrs specified in the form of a non-empty list. ["127.0.0.1", "192.0.0.0/8", "::1"]
methods False Match Rules Matches with the specified methods. Matches all methods if empty or unspecified. ["GET", "POST"]
priority False Match Rules If different Routes matches to the same uri, then the Route is matched based on its priority. A higher value corresponds to higher priority. It is set to 0 by default. priority = 10
vars False Match Rules Matches based on the specified variables consistent with variables in Nginx. Takes the form [[var, operator, val], [var, operator, val], ...]]. Note that this is case sensitive when matching a cookie name. See lua-resty-expr for more details. [["arg_name", "==", "json"], ["arg_age", ">", 18]]
filter_func False Match Rules Matches using a user-defined function in Lua. Used in scenarios where vars is not sufficient. Functions accept an argument vars which provides access to built-in variables (including Nginx variables). function(vars) return tonumber(vars.arg_userid) % 4 > 2; end
plugins False Plugin Plugins that are executed during the request/response cycle. See Plugin for more.
script False Script Used for writing arbitrary Lua code or directly calling existing plugins to be executed. See Script for more.
upstream False Upstream Configuration of the Upstream.
upstream_id False Upstream Id of the Upstream service.
service_id False Service Configuration of the bound Service.
plugin_config_id False, can't be used with script Plugin Plugin config bound to the Route.
labels False Match Rules Attributes of the Route specified as key-value pairs. {"version":"v2","build":"16","env":"production"}
timeout False Auxiliary Sets the timeout (in seconds) for connecting to, and sending and receiving messages between the Upstream and the Route. This will overwrite the timeout value configured in your Upstream. {"connect": 3, "send": 3, "read": 3}
enable_websocket False Auxiliary Enables a websocket. Set to false by default.
status False Auxiliary Enables the current Route. Set to 1 (enabled) by default. 1 to enable, 0 to disable

Example configuration:

{
    "id": "1",                            # id, unnecessary.
    "uris": ["/a","/b"],                  # A set of uri.
    "methods": ["GET","POST"],            # Can fill multiple methods
    "hosts": ["a.com","b.com"],           # A set of host.
    "plugins": {},                        # Bound plugin
    "priority": 0,                        # If different routes contain the same `uri`, determine which route is matched first based on the attribute` priority`, the default value is 0.
    "name": "route-xxx",
    "desc": "hello world",
    "remote_addrs": ["127.0.0.1"],        # A set of Client IP.
    "vars": [["http_user", "==", "ios"]], # A list of one or more `[var, operator, val]` elements
    "upstream_id": "1",                   # upstream id, recommended
    "upstream": {},                       # upstream, not recommended
    "timeout": {                          # Set the upstream timeout for connecting, sending and receiving messages of the route.
        "connect": 3,
        "send": 3,
        "read": 3
    },
    "filter_func": ""                     # User-defined filtering function
}

Example API usage

  • Create a route

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -i -d '
{
    "uri": "/index.html",
    "hosts": ["foo.com", "*.bar.com"],
    "remote_addrs": ["127.0.0.0/8"],
    "methods": ["PUT", "GET"],
    "enable_websocket": true,
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 2019 01:17:15 GMT
...

  • Create a route expires after 60 seconds, then it's deleted automatically

    curl 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/2?ttl=60' \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -i -d '
{
    "uri": "/aa/index.html",
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 2019 01:17:15 GMT
...

  • Add an upstream node to the Route

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "upstream": {
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1981": 1
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, upstream nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 1
}

  • Update the weight of an upstream node to the Route

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "upstream": {
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, upstream nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
}

  • Delete an upstream node for the Route

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "upstream": {
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": null
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, upstream nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
}

  • Replace methods of the Route -- array

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '{
    "methods": ["GET", "POST"]
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, methods will not retain the original data, and the entire update is:

    ["GET", "POST"]

  • Replace upstream nodes of the Route -- sub path

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1/upstream/nodes \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "127.0.0.1:1982": 1
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, nodes will not retain the original data, and the entire update is:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1982": 1
}

  • Replace methods of the Route -- sub path

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1/methods \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d'["POST", "DELETE", " PATCH"]'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, methods will not retain the original data, and the entire update is:

    ["POST", "DELETE", "PATCH"]

  • Disable route

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "status": 0
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, status nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "status": 0
}

  • Enable route

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "status": 1
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, status nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "status": 1
}

Response Parameters

Currently, the response is returned from etcd.

Service

A Service is an abstraction of an API (which can also be understood as a set of Route abstractions). It usually corresponds to an upstream service abstraction.

The relationship between Routes and a Service is usually N:1.

Service API

Service resource request address: /apisix/admin/services/{id}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/services NULL Fetches a list of available Services.
GET /apisix/admin/services/{id} NULL Fetches specified Service by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/services/{id} {...} Creates a Service with the specified id.
POST /apisix/admin/services {...} Creates a Service and assigns a random id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/services/{id} NULL Removes the Service with the specified id.
PATCH /apisix/admin/services/{id} {...} Updates the selected attributes of the specified, existing Service. To delete an attribute, set value of attribute set to null.
PATCH /apisix/admin/services/{id}/{path} {...} Updates the attribute specified in the path. The values of other attributes remain unchanged.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Type Description Example
plugins False Plugin Plugins that are executed during the request/response cycle. See Plugin for more.
upstream False Upstream Configuration of the Upstream.
upstream_id False Upstream Id of the Upstream service.
name False Auxiliary Identifier for the Service. service-xxxx
desc False Auxiliary Description of usage scenarios. service xxxx
labels False Match Rules Attributes of the Service specified as key-value pairs. {"version":"v2","build":"16","env":"production"}
enable_websocket False Auxiliary Enables a websocket. Set to false by default.
hosts False Match Rules Matches with any one of the multiple hosts specified in the form of a non-empty list. ["foo.com", "*.bar.com"]

Example configuration:

{
    "id": "1",                # id
    "plugins": {},            # Bound plugin
    "upstream_id": "1",       # upstream id, recommended
    "upstream": {},           # upstream, not recommended
    "name": "service-test",
    "desc": "hello world",
    "enable_websocket": true,
    "hosts": ["foo.com"]
}

Example API usage

  • Create a service

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/services/201  \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -i -d '
{
    "plugins": {
        "limit-count": {
            "count": 2,
            "time_window": 60,
            "rejected_code": 503,
            "key": "remote_addr"
        }
    },
    "enable_websocket": true,
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 201 Created
...

  • Add an upstream node to the Service

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/services/201 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "upstream": {
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1981": 1
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, upstream nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 1
}

  • Update the weight of an upstream node to the Service

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/services/201 \
-H'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "upstream": {
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, upstream nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
}

  • Delete an upstream node for the Service

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/services/201 \
-H'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "upstream": {
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": null
        }
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, upstream nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
}

  • Replace upstream nodes of the Service

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/services/201/upstream/nodes \
-H'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "127.0.0.1:1982": 1
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, upstream nodes will not retain the original data, and the entire update is:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1982": 1
}

Response Parameters

Currently, the response is returned from etcd.

Consumer

Consumers are users of services and can only be used in conjunction with a user authentication system. A Consumer is identified by a username property. So, for creating a new Consumer, only the HTTP PUT method is supported.

Consumer API

Consumer resource request address: /apisix/admin/consumers/{username}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/consumers NULL Fetches a list of all Consumers.
GET /apisix/admin/consumers/{username} NULL Fetches specified Consumer by username.
PUT /apisix/admin/consumers {...} Create new Consumer.
DELETE /apisix/admin/consumers/{username} NULL Removes the Consumer with the specified username.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Type Description Example
username True Name Name of the Consumer.
group_id False Name Group of the Consumer.
plugins False Plugin Plugins that are executed during the request/response cycle. See Plugin for more.
desc False Auxiliary Description of usage scenarios. customer xxxx
labels False Match Rules Attributes of the Consumer specified as key-value pairs. {"version":"v2","build":"16","env":"production"}

Example Configuration:

{
    "plugins": {},          # Bound plugin
    "username": "name",     # Consumer name
    "desc": "hello world"   # Consumer desc
}

When bound to a Route or Service, the Authentication Plugin infers the Consumer from the request and does not require any parameters. Whereas, when it is bound to a Consumer, username, password and other information needs to be provided.

Example API usage

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/consumers  \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -i -d '
{
    "username": "jack",
    "plugins": {
        "key-auth": {
            "key": "auth-one"
        },
        "limit-count": {
            "count": 2,
            "time_window": 60,
            "rejected_code": 503,
            "key": "remote_addr"
        }
    }
}'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2019 08:17:49 GMT
...

{"node":{"value":{"username":"jack","plugins":{"key-auth":{"key":"auth-one"},"limit-count":{"time_window":60,"count":2,"rejected_code":503,"key":"remote_addr","policy":"local"}}},"createdIndex":64,"key":"\/apisix\/consumers\/jack","modifiedIndex":64},"prevNode":{"value":"{\"username\":\"jack\",\"plugins\":{\"key-auth\":{\"key\":\"auth-one\"},\"limit-count\":{\"time_window\":60,\"count\":2,\"rejected_code\":503,\"key\":\"remote_addr\",\"policy\":\"local\"}}}","createdIndex":63,"key":"\/apisix\/consumers\/jack","modifiedIndex":63}}

Since v2.2, we can bind multiple authentication plugins to the same consumer.

Response Parameters

Currently, the response is returned from etcd.

Upstream

Upstream is a virtual host abstraction that performs load balancing on a given set of service nodes according to the configured rules.

An Upstream configuration can be directly bound to a Route or a Service, but the configuration in Route has a higher priority. This behavior is consistent with priority followed by the Plugin object.

Upstream API

Upstream resource request address: /apisix/admin/upstreams/{id}

For notes on ID syntax please refer to: ID Syntax

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/upstreams NULL Fetch a list of all configured Upstreams.
GET /apisix/admin/upstreams/{id} NULL Fetches specified Upstream by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/upstreams/{id} {...} Creates an Upstream with the specified id.
POST /apisix/admin/upstreams {...} Creates an Upstream and assigns a random id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/upstreams/{id} NULL Removes the Upstream with the specified id.
PATCH /apisix/admin/upstreams/{id} {...} Updates the selected attributes of the specified, existing Upstream. To delete an attribute, set value of attribute set to null.
PATCH /apisix/admin/upstreams/{id}/{path} {...} Updates the attribute specified in the path. The values of other attributes remain unchanged.

Request Body Parameters

In addition to the equalization algorithm selections, Upstream also supports passive health check and retry for the upstream. See the table below for more details:

Parameter Required Type Description Example
type False Enumeration Load balancing algorithm to be used, and the default value is roundrobin.
nodes True, can't be used with service_name Node IP addresses (with optional ports) of the Upstream nodes represented as a hash table or an array. In the hash table, the key is the IP address and the value is the weight of the node for the load balancing algorithm. For hash table case, if the key is IPv6 address with port, then the IPv6 address must be quoted with square brackets. In the array, each item is a hash table with keys host, weight, and the optional port and priority (defaults to 0). Nodes with lower priority are used only when all nodes with a higher priority are tried and are unavailable. Empty nodes are treated as placeholders and clients trying to access this Upstream will receive a 502 response. 192.168.1.100:80, [::1]:80
service_name True, can't be used with nodes String Service name used for service discovery. a-bootiful-client
discovery_type True, if service_name is used String The type of service discovery. eureka
hash_on False Auxiliary Only valid if the type is chash. Supports Nginx variables (vars), custom headers (header), cookie and consumer. Defaults to vars.
key False Match Rules Only valid if the type is chash. Finds the corresponding node id according to hash_on and key values. When hash_on is set to vars, key is a required parameter and it supports Nginx variables. When hash_on is set as header, key is a required parameter, and header name can be customized. When hash_on is set to cookie, key is also a required parameter, and cookie name can be customized. When hash_on is set to consumer, key need not be set and the key used by the hash algorithm would be the authenticated consumer_name. uri, server_name, server_addr, request_uri, remote_port, remote_addr, query_string, host, hostname, arg_***, arg_***
checks False Health Checker Configures the parameters for the health check.
retries False Integer Sets the number of retries while passing the request to Upstream using the underlying Nginx mechanism. Set according to the number of available backend nodes by default. Setting this to 0 disables retry.
retry_timeout False Integer Timeout to continue with retries. Setting this to 0 disables the retry timeout.
timeout False Timeout Sets the timeout (in seconds) for connecting to, and sending and receiving messages to and from the Upstream. {"connect": 0.5,"send": 0.5,"read": 0.5}
name False Auxiliary Identifier for the Upstream.
desc False Auxiliary Description of usage scenarios.
pass_host False Enumeration Configures the host when the request is forwarded to the upstream. Can be one of pass, node or rewrite. Defaults to pass if not specified. pass- transparently passes the client's host to the Upstream. node- uses the host configured in the node of the Upstream. rewrite- Uses the value configured in upstream_host.
upstream_host False Auxiliary Specifies the host of the Upstream request. This is only valid if the pass_host is set to rewrite.
scheme False Auxiliary The scheme used when communicating with the Upstream. For an L7 proxy, this value can be one of http, https, grpc, grpcs. For an L4 proxy, this value could be one of tcp, udp, tls. Defaults to http.
labels False Match Rules Attributes of the Upstream specified as key-value pairs. {"version":"v2","build":"16","env":"production"}
tls.client_cert False, can't be used with tls.client_cert_id HTTPS certificate Sets the client certificate while connecting to a TLS Upstream.
tls.client_key False, can't be used with tls.client_cert_id HTTPS certificate private key Sets the client private key while connecting to a TLS Upstream.
tls.client_cert_id False, can't be used with tls.client_cert and tls.client_key SSL Set the referenced SSL id.
keepalive_pool.size False Auxiliary Sets keepalive directive dynamically.
keepalive_pool.idle_timeout False Auxiliary Sets keepalive_timeout directive dynamically.
keepalive_pool.requests False Auxiliary Sets keepalive_requests directive dynamically.

An Upstream can be one of the following types:

  • roundrobin: Round robin balancing with weights.
  • chash: Consistent hash.
  • ewma: Pick the node with minimum latency. See EWMA Chart for more details.
  • least_conn: Picks the node with the lowest value of (active_conn + 1) / weight. Here, an active connection is a connection being used by the request and is similar to the concept in Nginx.
  • user-defined load balancer loaded via require("apisix.balancer.your_balancer").

The following should be considered when setting the hash_on value:

  • When set to vars, a key is required. The value of the key can be any of the Nginx variables without the $ prefix.
  • When set to header, a key is required. This is equal to "http_key".
  • When set to cookie, a key is required. This key is equal to "cookie_key". The cookie name is case-sensitive.
  • When set to consumer, the key is optional and the key is set to the consumer_name captured from the authentication Plugin.
  • When set to vars_combinations, the key is required. The value of the key can be a combination of any of the Nginx variables like $request_uri$remote_addr.

The features described below requires APISIX to be run on APISIX-Runtime:

You can set the scheme to tls, which means "TLS over TCP".

To use mTLS to communicate with Upstream, you can use the tls.client_cert/key in the same format as SSL's cert and key fields.

Or you can reference SSL object by tls.client_cert_id to set SSL cert and key. The SSL object can be referenced only if the type field is client, otherwise the request will be rejected by APISIX. In addition, only cert and key will be used in the SSL object.

To allow Upstream to have a separate connection pool, use keepalive_pool. It can be configured by modifying its child fields.

Example Configuration:

{
    "id": "1",                  # id
    "retries": 1,               # retry times
    "timeout": {                # Set the timeout for connecting, sending and receiving messages, each is 15 seconds.
        "connect":15,
        "send":15,
        "read":15
    },
    "nodes": {"host:80": 100},  # Upstream machine address list, the format is `Address + Port`
                                # is the same as "nodes": [ {"host": "host", "port": 80, "weight": 100} ],
    "type":"roundrobin",
    "checks": {},               # Health check parameters
    "hash_on": "",
    "key": "",
    "name": "upstream-for-test",
    "desc": "hello world",
    "scheme": "http"            # The scheme used when communicating with upstream, the default is `http`
}

Example API usage

Create an Upstream and modify the data in nodes

  1. Create upstream

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/100  \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -i -X PUT -d '
{
    "type":"roundrobin",
    "nodes":{
        "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 201 Created
...

  2. Add a node to the Upstream

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/100 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "nodes": {
        "127.0.0.1:1981": 1
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 1
}

  3. Update the weight of a node to the Upstream

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/100 \
-H'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "nodes": {
        "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1980": 1,
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
}

  4. Delete a node for the Upstream

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/100 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "nodes": {
        "127.0.0.1:1980": null
    }
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After successful execution, nodes will be updated to:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1981": 10
}

  5. Replace the nodes of the Upstream

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/upstreams/100/nodes \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PATCH -i -d '
{
    "127.0.0.1:1982": 1
}'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

    After the execution is successful, nodes will not retain the original data, and the entire update is:

    {
    "127.0.0.1:1982": 1
}

Proxy client request to https Upstream service

  1. Create a route and configure the upstream scheme as https.

    curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -d '
{
    "uri": "/get",
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "scheme": "https",
        "nodes": {
            "httpbin.org:443": 1
        }
    }
}'

    After successful execution, the scheme when requesting to communicate with the upstream will be https.

  2. Send a request to test.

    curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/get
    {
"args": {},
"headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Host": "127.0.0.1",
    "User-Agent": "curl/7.29.0",
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6058324a-0e898a7f04a5e95b526bb183",
    "X-Forwarded-Host": "127.0.0.1"
},
"origin": "127.0.0.1",
"url": "https://127.0.0.1/get"
}

The request is successful, meaning that the proxy Upstream https is valid.

:::note

Each node can be configured with a priority. A node with low priority will only be used when all the nodes with higher priority have been tried or are unavailable.

:::

As the default priority is 0, nodes with negative priority can be configured as a backup.

For example:

{
  "uri": "/hello",
  "upstream": {
    "type": "roundrobin",
    "nodes": [
      { "host": "127.0.0.1", "port": 1980, "weight": 2000 },
      { "host": "127.0.0.1", "port": 1981, "weight": 1, "priority": -1 }
    ],
    "checks": {
      "active": {
        "http_path": "/status",
        "healthy": {
          "interval": 1,
          "successes": 1
        },
        "unhealthy": {
          "interval": 1,
          "http_failures": 1
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Node 127.0.0.2 will be used only after 127.0.0.1 is tried or unavailable. It can therefore act as a backup for the node 127.0.0.1.

Response Parameters

Currently, the response is returned from etcd.

SSL

SSL API

SSL resource request address: /apisix/admin/ssls/{id}

For notes on ID syntax please refer to: ID Syntax

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/ssls NULL Fetches a list of all configured SSL resources.
GET /apisix/admin/ssls/{id} NULL Fetch specified resource by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/ssls/{id} {...} Creates a resource with the specified id.
POST /apisix/admin/ssls {...} Creates a resource and assigns a random id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/ssls/{id} NULL Removes the resource with the specified id.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Type Description Example
cert True Certificate HTTPS certificate. This field supports saving the value in Secret Manager using the APISIX Secret resource.
key True Private key HTTPS private key. This field supports saving the value in Secret Manager using the APISIX Secret resource.
certs False An array of certificates Used for configuring multiple certificates for the same domain excluding the one provided in the cert field.
keys False An array of private keys Private keys to pair with the certs.
client.ca False Certificate Sets the CA certificate that verifies the client. Requires OpenResty 1.19+.
client.depth False Certificate Sets the verification depth in client certificate chains. Defaults to 1. Requires OpenResty 1.19+.
client.skip_mtls_uri_regex False An array of regular expressions, in PCRE format Used to match URI, if matched, this request bypasses the client certificate checking, i.e. skip the MTLS. ["/hello[0-9]+", "/foobar"]
snis True, only if type is server Match Rules A non-empty array of HTTPS SNI
labels False Match Rules Attributes of the resource specified as key-value pairs. {"version":"v2","build":"16","env":"production"}
type False Auxiliary Identifies the type of certificate, default server. client Indicates that the certificate is a client certificate, which is used when APISIX accesses the upstream; server Indicates that the certificate is a server-side certificate, which is used by APISIX when verifying client requests.
status False Auxiliary Enables the current SSL. Set to 1 (enabled) by default. 1 to enable, 0 to disable
ssl_protocols False An array of ssl protocols It is used to control the SSL/TLS protocol version used between servers and clients. See SSL Protocol for more examples. ["TLSv1.2", "TLSv2.3"]

Example Configuration:

{
    "id": "1",           # id
    "cert": "cert",      # Certificate
    "key": "key",        # Private key
    "snis": ["t.com"]    # https SNI
}

See Certificate for more examples.

Global Rule

Sets Plugins which run globally. i.e these Plugins will be run before any Route/Service level Plugins.

Global Rule API

Global Rule resource request address: /apisix/admin/global_rules/{id}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/global_rules NULL Fetches a list of all Global Rules.
GET /apisix/admin/global_rules/{id} NULL Fetches specified Global Rule by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/global_rules/{id} {...} Creates a Global Rule with the specified id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/global_rules/{id} NULL Removes the Global Rule with the specified id.
PATCH /apisix/admin/global_rules/{id} {...} Updates the selected attributes of the specified, existing Global Rule. To delete an attribute, set value of attribute set to null.
PATCH /apisix/admin/global_rules/{id}/{path} {...} Updates the attribute specified in the path. The values of other attributes remain unchanged.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Description Example
plugins True Plugins that are executed during the request/response cycle. See Plugin for more.

Consumer group

Group of Plugins which can be reused across Consumers.

Consumer group API

Consumer group resource request address: /apisix/admin/consumer_groups/{id}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/consumer_groups NULL Fetches a list of all Consumer groups.
GET /apisix/admin/consumer_groups/{id} NULL Fetches specified Consumer group by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/consumer_groups/{id} {...} Creates a new Consumer group with the specified id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/consumer_groups/{id} NULL Removes the Consumer group with the specified id.
PATCH /apisix/admin/consumer_groups/{id} {...} Updates the selected attributes of the specified, existing Consumer group. To delete an attribute, set value of attribute set to null.
PATCH /apisix/admin/consumer_groups/{id}/{path} {...} Updates the attribute specified in the path. The values of other attributes remain unchanged.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Description Example
plugins True Plugins that are executed during the request/response cycle. See Plugin for more.
desc False Description of usage scenarios. customer xxxx
labels False Attributes of the Consumer group specified as key-value pairs. {"version":"v2","build":"16","env":"production"}

Plugin config

Group of Plugins which can be reused across Routes.

Plugin Config API

Plugin Config resource request address: /apisix/admin/plugin_configs/{id}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/plugin_configs NULL Fetches a list of all Plugin configs.
GET /apisix/admin/plugin_configs/{id} NULL Fetches specified Plugin config by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/plugin_configs/{id} {...} Creates a new Plugin config with the specified id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/plugin_configs/{id} NULL Removes the Plugin config with the specified id.
PATCH /apisix/admin/plugin_configs/{id} {...} Updates the selected attributes of the specified, existing Plugin config. To delete an attribute, set value of attribute set to null.
PATCH /apisix/admin/plugin_configs/{id}/{path} {...} Updates the attribute specified in the path. The values of other attributes remain unchanged.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Description Example
plugins True Plugins that are executed during the request/response cycle. See Plugin for more.
desc False Description of usage scenarios. customer xxxx
labels False Attributes of the Plugin config specified as key-value pairs. {"version":"v2","build":"16","env":"production"}

Plugin Metadata

Plugin Metadata API

Plugin Metadata resource request address: /apisix/admin/plugin_metadata/{plugin_name}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/plugin_metadata/{plugin_name} NULL Fetches the metadata of the specified Plugin by plugin_name.
PUT /apisix/admin/plugin_metadata/{plugin_name} {...} Creates metadata for the Plugin specified by the plugin_name.
DELETE /apisix/admin/plugin_metadata/{plugin_name} NULL Removes metadata for the Plugin specified by the plugin_name.

Request Body Parameters

A JSON object defined according to the metadata_schema of the Plugin ({plugin_name}).

Example Configuration:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/plugin_metadata/example-plugin  \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -i -X PUT -d '
{
    "skey": "val",
    "ikey": 1
}'
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2019 04:19:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain

Plugin

Plugin API

Plugin resource request address: /apisix/admin/plugins/{plugin_name}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/plugins/list NULL Fetches a list of all Plugins.
GET /apisix/admin/plugins/{plugin_name} NULL Fetches the specified Plugin by plugin_name.
GET /apisix/admin/plugins?all=true NULL Get all properties of all plugins.
GET /apisix/admin/plugins?all=true&subsystem=stream NULL Gets properties of all Stream plugins.
GET /apisix/admin/plugins?all=true&subsystem=http NULL Gets properties of all HTTP plugins.
PUT /apisix/admin/plugins/reload NULL Reloads the plugin according to the changes made in code
GET apisix/admin/plugins/{plugin_name}?subsystem=stream NULL Gets properties of a specified plugin if it is supported in Stream/L4 subsystem.
GET apisix/admin/plugins/{plugin_name}?subsystem=http NULL Gets properties of a specified plugin if it is supported in HTTP/L7 subsystem.

:::caution

The interface of getting properties of all plugins via /apisix/admin/plugins?all=true will be deprecated soon.

:::

Request Body Parameters

The Plugin ({plugin_name}) of the data structure.

Request Arguments

Name Description Default
subsystem The subsystem of the Plugins. http

The plugin can be filtered on subsystem so that the ({plugin_name}) is searched in the subsystem passed through query params.

Example API usage:

curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/plugins/list" \
-H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1'
["zipkin","request-id",...]
curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/plugins/key-auth?subsystem=http" -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1'
{"$comment":"this is a mark for our injected plugin schema","properties":{"header":{"default":"apikey","type":"string"},"hide_credentials":{"default":false,"type":"boolean"},"_meta":{"properties":{"filter":{"type":"array","description":"filter determines whether the plugin needs to be executed at runtime"},"disable":{"type":"boolean"},"error_response":{"oneOf":[{"type":"string"},{"type":"object"}]},"priority":{"type":"integer","description":"priority of plugins by customized order"}},"type":"object"},"query":{"default":"apikey","type":"string"}},"type":"object"}

:::tip

You can use the /apisix/admin/plugins?all=true API to get all properties of all plugins. This API will be deprecated soon.

:::

Stream Route

Route used in the Stream Proxy.

Stream Route API

Stream Route resource request address: /apisix/admin/stream_routes/{id}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/stream_routes NULL Fetches a list of all configured Stream Routes.
GET /apisix/admin/stream_routes/{id} NULL Fetches specified Stream Route by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/stream_routes/{id} {...} Creates a Stream Route with the specified id.
POST /apisix/admin/stream_routes {...} Creates a Stream Route and assigns a random id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/stream_routes/{id} NULL Removes the Stream Route with the specified id.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Type Description Example
upstream False Upstream Configuration of the Upstream.
upstream_id False Upstream Id of the Upstream service.
service_id False String Id of the Service service.
remote_addr False IPv4, IPv4 CIDR, IPv6 Filters Upstream forwards by matching with client IP. "127.0.0.1" or "127.0.0.1/32" or "::1"
server_addr False IPv4, IPv4 CIDR, IPv6 Filters Upstream forwards by matching with APISIX Server IP. "127.0.0.1" or "127.0.0.1/32" or "::1"
server_port False Integer Filters Upstream forwards by matching with APISIX Server port. 9090
sni False Host Server Name Indication. "test.com"
protocol.name False String Name of the protocol proxyed by xRPC framework. "redis"
protocol.conf False Configuration Protocol-specific configuration.

To learn more about filtering in stream proxies, check this document.

Secret

Secret means Secrets Management, which could use any secret manager supported, e.g. vault.

Secret API

Secret resource request address: /apisix/admin/secrets/{secretmanager}/{id}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/secrets NULL Fetches a list of all secrets.
GET /apisix/admin/secrets/{manager}/{id} NULL Fetches specified secrets by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/secrets/{manager} {...} Create new secrets configuration.
DELETE /apisix/admin/secrets/{manager}/{id} NULL Removes the secrets with the specified id.
PATCH /apisix/admin/secrets/{manager}/{id} {...} Updates the selected attributes of the specified, existing secrets. To delete an attribute, set value of attribute set to null.
PATCH /apisix/admin/secrets/{manager}/{id}/{path} {...} Updates the attribute specified in the path. The values of other attributes remain unchanged.

Request Body Parameters

When {secretmanager} is vault:

Parameter Required Type Description Example
uri True URI URI of the vault server.
prefix True string key prefix
token True string vault token.
namespace False string Vault namespace, no default value admin

Example Configuration:

{
    "uri": "https://localhost/vault",
    "prefix": "/apisix/kv",
    "token": "343effad"
}

Example API usage:

curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/secrets/vault/test2 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -d '
{
    "uri": "http://xxx/get",
    "prefix" : "apisix",
    "token" : "apisix"
}'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...

{"key":"\/apisix\/secrets\/vault\/test2","value":{"id":"vault\/test2","token":"apisix","prefix":"apisix","update_time":1669625828,"create_time":1669625828,"uri":"http:\/\/xxx\/get"}}

Response Parameters

Currently, the response is returned from etcd.

Proto

Proto is used to store protocol buffers so that APISIX can communicate in gRPC.

See grpc-transcode plugin doc for more examples.

Proto API

Proto resource request address: /apisix/admin/protos/{id}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
GET /apisix/admin/protos NULL List all Protos.
GET /apisix/admin/protos/{id} NULL Get a Proto by id.
PUT /apisix/admin/protos/{id} {...} Create or update a Proto with the given id.
POST /apisix/admin/protos {...} Create a Proto with a random id.
DELETE /apisix/admin/protos/{id} NULL Delete Proto by id.

Request Body Parameters

Parameter Required Type Description Example
content True String content of .proto or .pb files See here

Schema validation

Check the validity of a configuration against its entity schema. This allows you to test your input before submitting a request to the entity endpoints of the Admin API.

Note that this only performs the schema validation checks, checking that the input configuration is well-formed. Requests to the entity endpoint using the given configuration may still fail due to other reasons, such as invalid foreign key relationships or uniqueness check failures against the contents of the data store.

Schema validation

Schema validation request address: /apisix/admin/schema/validate/{resource}

Request Methods

Method Request URI Request Body Description
POST /apisix/admin/schema/validate/{resource} {..resource conf..} Validate the resource configuration against corresponding schema.

Request Body Parameters

  • 200: validate ok.
  • 400: validate failed, with error as response body in JSON format.

Example:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/schema/validate/routes \
    -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X POST -i -d '{
    "uri": 1980,
    "upstream": {
        "scheme": "https",
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": {
            "nghttp2.org": 1
        }
    }
}'
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2023 07:37:13 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Server: APISIX/3.4.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Expose-Headers: *
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600

{"error_msg":"property \"uri\" validation failed: wrong type: expected string, got number"}